Epitope mapping: using high-quality peptides that are chemically synthesized, thereby negating many of the steps and research time required with the traditional approach that involves recombinant cloning, expresiion, and purifiaction.
Antibody production: using synthetic peptides for immunization is that unlimited quantity of pure stable antigen can be used for both polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody. In order to achieve the high immune response, KLH is used for the conjugation.
Antibody-antigen interactions: Peptide antigens representing regions of a protein antigen bind best to the anti-protein antibody when the sequence is shortened to contain only those amino acids binding to the sepecific site in the antibody.
Identification of post-translational modifications (PTM): using the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides is crucial for a lot of projects, such as phosphorylated peptides, acetylated peptides, methylated peptides, peptides with citrulline or peptide glycosylation etc.
Enzyme specificity: using peptide library to screen for substrates of peptide-modifying enzymes.
Biological effects: for a peptide to exert its effect, it needs to bind to a receptor specific for that peptide and which is located in the mambrane of relevant cells.
Peptide competition assay: each pair of antibody and antigen will require optimisation of neutralization assy conditions and initial trial could not capture a ultimate result. Titration of both, antibody and free peptide needs to be tested, for obatining best result.